The ability to use vision to adapt to the environment (visual perception) requires the integration of vision within the CNS to turn the raw data supplied by the retina into cognitive concepts. In the hierarchy model of visual perceptual processing we see Oculomotor function, visual acuity, visual field, visual attention, scanning, pattern recognition, visual memory and the highest-order process is visual cognition which integrates visual input with other sensory information to gain knowledge, solve problems, formulate plans, and make decisions. Occupational therapy practitioners due to their frame of references visit patients mostly suffering from strabismus, glaucoma , Cataract, TBI, CVA, neuropathies, Parkinson, Alzheimer, Multiple-sclerosis, Cerebral-palsy, Attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorders, Autism, amblyopia. They consider the context, activity demands, client factors (both visual receptive and visual cognition skills), performance skill and areas of occupation (Activity-Of-Daily-Living, Instrumental-Activity-Of-Daily-Living, Education, Work, Play, leisure, Social participation) which is essential in a client center therapy method.

In OT assessment; by manual assessment in combination with careful observation of client performance, they identify the limitation in occupation, link them to the visual impairment, and develop a plan.

two approaches in intervention are Remediation approach (establish or restore the client’s ability by improving aspects of visual performance such as increasing the efficiency of visual search or improving visual attention), A compensatory approach (change the context of the environment or task like Increasing Background Contrast, Illumination, Reducing Background Pattern, Enlarge and organize Objects, Access Community Services).

According to AYRES(OT), OTs help the overall function of the brain; especially in children to integrate sensory information (visual, proprioceptive, tactile, vestibular, and auditory), facilitate visual processing to integration it with other scenes along with using adaptive equipment, prism, occlusion, eye exercises, surgical procedure and medication attending the context and the family which the patient lives.