Background: Nowadays, sedentary lifestyle and poor nutrition causes increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Due to this condition, there are an increase eyes’ vessels disorders, subsequently. Since the importance of prevention and control of underlying diseases such as metabolic syndrome, in RVO there except us we decided to evaluate prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components in patients with RVO.

: This was a case control study on 60 RVO patients and 120 healthy people in Birjand. The sampling method was none randomized in both groups. All patients had a slit lamp examination. Participants had been matched for gender and age. After collecting data, they were analyzed by SPSS 16 using Chi squire test, T test and Fisher's exact test. P equal and less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patient and control group was 46.7% and 36.7% respectively (p=0/1). FBS mean in patient and control group was 115.88 and 105/52 respectively that was meaningful difference between two groups (p=0/000). Also there is a significant difference between two groups about BMI (27.14 Vs 29.18 p=0/02). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome components was not significant between two groups except abnormality in FBS, HTN and HDL (p=0/0001)

Conclusions: However, there was not a significant relation between patients and healthy people in regard of metabolic syndrome, some components of this metabolic syndrome such as FBS, HDL and HTN had higher prevalence in ROVs. Due to the lack of definite treatment for RVO, prevention and treatment of risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes, and thrombophilia is of great importance. Keywords: metabolic syndrome, Retinal Vein Occlusion