Diagnosis in one of the most fundamental and complex tasks in health and eye care .and diagnostic error is the most common type of medical errors and considered as a source of concern and serious health threatening problem in clinical environments. Errors are defined and divided as error of execution and error of planning ,May be acts of commission or omission, a large number of adverse events are the results of errors which could be preventable, so their causes are discussed to suggest some preventive strategies.

Our main method was gathering the recent research date about The Factors involved in occurrence of Medical errors in an eye clinical setting accompanying with some points about the recognition of error producing conditions., Based on the latest research achievements.

Errors generally are originated from both systemic and cognitive routs .Individuals and system are in charge of all the faults Medical documentation and communication, contraindications and indications of physical therapy and patient management are among the main causes, moreover the latent conditions, error process and people role and process role leading to errors would be defined.

Root cause analysis of errors is mandatory to refine the processes, the main approach should be focused on system properties not individuals Guidelines about improving accuracy of patient identifications and stuff communications also using of checklists must be provided. as Systems process changes are essential in reducing errors. Promoting teamwork in a diagnostic process between clinical stuff, patients and their families, involvement of the patient and their family is of greatest importance in such a crucial process so some practical recommendations are necessary to facilitate this process and towards Implementing a system which identifies diagnostic errors with capability to reduce and correct the errors .along with the development of reporting environment as a supportive step towards learning from mistakes